Effects of nutritional therapy on gastrointestinal microbial digestion and barrier defense markers in elderly patients with diabetes

  • Impact factors: 2.65
  • Publication: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  • Author:Xingcai Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xianhai Chen, Yuli Cai
  • DOI citation-doi:10.1155/2023/1973163
  • Date:2023-01-24T00:00:00.000Z

Objective We sought to investigate the effects of gastrointestinal nutrition therapy on gastrointestinal microbial digestion and barrier defense markers in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled at our hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. The participants in this study were randomly allocated into either the nutritional group ( n  = 60) who underwent gastrointestinal nutrition therapy or the control group ( n  = 60) who underwent conventional T2DM diet management for a period of 12 weeks. Clinical data, as well as small intestinal permeability measured by the lactulose-mannitol urine test, plasma circulating IL-6 and zonulin levels measured by ELISA, and expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-3 in blood analyzed through Western blotting were collected. Results The nutrition group demonstrated a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, the nutrition group exhibited a greater reduction in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). The concentrations of formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase and acetic CoA transferase were significantly increased in the nutrition group compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). Fecal analysis revealed higher levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in the nutrition group compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). The ratio of lactulose to mannitol was higher in the nutrition group compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). Furthermore, the nutrition group showed lower levels of IL-6 and zonulin compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Personalized gastrointestinal nutrition therapy was found to enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids and preserve intestinal permeability, leading to improved gastrointestinal microbial digestion and barrier defense in elderly patients with diabetes.

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