HGNC ID: 613
Target Abstract:
Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) is a class of lipoproteins found in chylomicrons and intermediate-density lipoproteins. It is essential for the normal metabolism of lipoprotein components rich in triglycerides. In peripheral tissues, Apo E is primarily produced by the liver and macrophages, mediating isoform-dependent cholesterol metabolism. In the central nervous system, Apo E is mainly produced by astrocytes and can transport cholesterol to neurons through Apo E receptors. Apo E transports lipoproteins, fat-soluble vitamins, and cholesterol into the lymphatic system and then into the blood. In the field of immune regulation, increasing evidence suggests that Apo E interacts with many immune processes, including inhibiting T cell proliferation, regulating macrophage function, promoting lipid antigen presentation to natural killer T cells, and modulating inflammation and oxidation. Apo E secreted by monocytes is downregulated by inflammatory cytokines and upregulated by TGF-β. This protein is involved in Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases.
APOE Target Infomation Overview
- Target Symbol: APOE, apolipoprotein E
- Gene Groups: Apolipoproteins
- Previous Names: AD2
- Alias Names: Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4-associated, late onset)
APOE, apolipoprotein E Target Infomation by Species
- Human
- Mouse
- Rat
Human APOE Target Information
- Target Symbol: APOE, apolipoprotein E
- Alias:
- AD2
- Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4-associated, late onset)
- apo-E
- ApoE4
- apolipoprotein E3
- LDLCQ5
- LPG
- MGC1571
- NCBI_Gene: 348
- UniProtKB: P02649
Human APOE Predicted Functions
Enables several functions, including amyloid-beta binding activity; heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding activity; and lipoprotein particle receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including lipid transport; regulation of lipid transport; and regulation of protein metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within with a positive effect on AMPA glutamate receptor clustering and NMDA glutamate receptor clustering. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of dendritic spine development; positive regulation of dendritic spine development; and regulation of dendritic spine maintenance. Located in several cellular components, including Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; and extracellular space. Part of several cellular components, including chylomicron; low-density lipoprotein particle; and triglyceride-rich plasma lipoprotein particle. Is active in glutamatergic synapse and synaptic cleft. Implicated in several diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (multiple); artery disease (multiple); biliary tract cancer (multiple); eye disease (multiple); and familial hyperlipidemia (multiple). Biomarker of several diseases, including Lewy body dementia; diabetes mellitus (multiple); end stage renal disease; neurodegenerative disease (multiple); and obesity.
Mouse Apoe Target Information
- Target Symbol: Apoe, apolipoprotein E
- Alias:
- AI255918
- expressed sequence AI255918
- NCBI_Gene: 11816
Mouse Apoe Predicted Functions
Enables several functions, including cholesterol transfer activity; heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding activity; and phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process; plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling; and regulation of defense response. Acts upstream of or within with a negative effect on gene expression. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including cholesterol catabolic process; cholesterol efflux; and lipoprotein metabolic process. Located in extracellular space and glutamatergic synapse. Part of low-density lipoprotein particle. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; liver and biliary system; and sensory organ. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (multiple); artery disease (multiple); biliary tract cancer (multiple); eye disease (multiple); and familial hyperlipidemia (multiple). Orthologous to human APOE (apolipoprotein E).
Rat Apoe Target Information
- Target Symbol: Apoe, apolipoprotein E
- Alias:
- apo-E
- APOEA
- NCBI_Gene: 25728
Rat Apoe Predicted Functions
Enables several functions, including amyloid-beta binding activity; hydroxyapatite binding activity; and phospholipid binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to alcohol; neurogenesis; and regulation of lipid metabolic process. Located in several cellular components, including late endosome; neuronal cell body; and nuclear envelope. Is extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane. Part of several cellular components, including discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle; low-density lipoprotein particle; and triglyceride-rich plasma lipoprotein particle. Colocalizes with early endosome and microtubule. Used to study artery disease (multiple); familial hyperlipidemia; fatty liver disease (multiple); glomerulosclerosis; and middle cerebral artery infarction. Biomarker of several diseases, including glomerulonephritis (multiple); hyperhomocysteinemia; hypertension; sciatic neuropathy; and transient cerebral ischemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (multiple); artery disease (multiple); biliary tract cancer (multiple); eye disease (multiple); and familial hyperlipidemia (multiple). Orthologous to human APOE (apolipoprotein E).
