CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3, known as GRO alpha, GRO beta (MIP-2 alpha) and GRO gamma (MIP-2 beta), respectively, are members of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The mature CXCL1/2/3 proteins bind with high affinity to the B-type IL-8 receptor and are potent neutrophil attractants and activators. Chemokines act primarily on leukocytes to regulate their transport. In general, chemokine α family members preferentially chemotaxis and activate neutrophils. Recombinant human growth-regulated oncogene γ (GRO-γ) is a 7.9 kDa protein consisting of 73 amino acids, including the “ELR” motif common to the CXC chemokine family that binds to CXCR1 or CXCR2. Mature human CXCL3 (aa 35-107) shares 70% and 74% amino acid sequence homology with mouse and rat CXCL3, respectively.CXCL3 plays a key role in monocyte migration and adhesion through its interaction with the CXCR2 receptor.