Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as C-fos induced growth factor (FIGF), is a member of the PDGF/VEGF family and is active in vascular regeneration, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. The secreted protein undergoes a complex process of protein hydrolysis and maturation, forming various processing forms that can bind and activate VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 receptors. The structure and function of VEGF-D are similar to VEGF-C. VEGF is associated with various types of human malignant tumors. VEGF-D has been found to be overexpressed in various human tumor tissues and serum samples from patients. In addition, the expression of VEGF-D is associated with an increased incidence of regional lymph node metastasis. Experimental studies in mice have shown that transgenic tumor cells producing VEGF-D protein can enhance regional lymph node metastasis.