Pentraxin 3 (Pentraxin3), also known as tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 14 (TSG-14), is a member of the pentraxin superfamily with a cyclic multimeric structure. Multiple cell types, especially mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, respond to initial inflammatory signals (e.g., toll-like receptors, TNF-α, IL-1β) by rapidly producing and releasing Pentraxin3. Pentraxin3 is an acute-phase response protein, which is normally present at low levels (about 25 ng/ ml and less than 2 ng/ml in humans) and is dramatically elevated (peaking 6-8 hours after induction) in endotoxic shock, sepsis, and other inflammatory and infectious conditions, with levels of up to 200-800 ng/ml, which correlate with the severity of the disease. In these conditions, Pentraxin3 is a rapid marker of innate immunity and local activation of the inflammatory response. Studies have shown that Pentraxin3 has a dual role: protection of the body against pathogens and modulation of autoimmunity.