Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), also known as CD106, is a 100-110 kDa type I transmembrane protein, usually with seven C2-type immunoglobulin structural domains, that functions as a cell adhesion molecule.The VCAM-1 protein mediates the adhesion to the vascular endothelium of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, etc. VCAM-1 is an integral member of the integrins& beta;1 subfamily VLA-4 (very late antigen-4 or α4β1) and endothelial ligands for integrins α4β7. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed on other cell types. It also interacts with EZR and membrane bursting proteins.Other functions of VCAM-1 include the regulation of osteoclastogenesis through cell-cell contacts and the induction of sickle cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells in response to hypoxia. It also plays a role in leukocyte-endothelial cell signaling. Monitoring serum levels of sVCAM-1 expression may provide a more detailed perspective on a variety of pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.