Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a 17 kDa extracellular polypeptide that is divided into two proteins, IL-1α and IL-1β.IL-1α is a pleiotropic cytokine, encoded in humans by the IL1A gene.IL-1α is produced primarily by activated macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. It has metabolic, physiological, and hematopoietic activities and plays a central role in the regulation of the immune response.IL-1α interacts with HAX1, NDN, but the synergistic interaction with TNF is the most clinically relevant.Both IL-1α and TNF are acute-phase cytokines with pro-febrile and inflammatory effects. People are currently evaluating whether IL-1α can be used as a marker for a potential therapeutic tumor in clinical trials. Blocking IL-1α activity has potential therapeutic effects on skin conditions such as acne.