Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a transmembrane receptor that can be expressed in a variety of cell types, including microglia, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. TLR forms a family of pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in innate immune responses. A large number of pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi) compositionally express a set of mutation-resistant molecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). These microbial molecular markers can consist of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and/or a combination thereof. A single TLR recognizes different pathogen-associated PMPS, initiating a signaling cascade that promotes an immune response.