Annexin V-APC/PI Apoptosis Kit

Apoptosis occurs through two main pathways: extrinsic and intrinsic. The extrinsic pathway activates caspases via extracellular signals, while the intrinsic pathway involves cytochrome c release from mitochondria, forming an apoptosome with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to activate caspase-3. Caspases, cysteine proteases, degrade key intracellular proteins, leading to apoptosis. They are divided into the ICE subfamily (involved in inflammation) and the CED-3 family (involved in apoptosis). The mitochondrial pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, which control the permeability transition pore (PT pore) and cytochrome c release. Additional proteins like Smac, AIF, and Endo G also contribute to apoptosis. In Fas signaling, caspase-8 activation amplifies the apoptotic signal through Bid cleavage, particularly in type II cells.

Explore cutting-edge methods for analyzing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in biomedical research. Learn about flow cytometry, TUNEL assays, caspase detection, and computational modeling for accurate apoptosis measurement. Discover best practices for data interpretation in cancer, immunology, and drug development. 🧬 Read now for expert insights!